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 By Chris Ekeme

Margaret Ekpo was a remarkable Nigerian activist whose life and work have left an indelible mark on the fight for women's rights and political representation in Nigeria. 

She was born on July 27, 1914, in Creek Town, Cross River State, she overcame numerous obstacles to become a pioneering female politician and a strong advocate for social change. Her journey is a tribute to resilience, courage, and the power of community.

Margaret was born into a notable family, with her father, Okafor Obiasulor, who hailed from Agulu-Uzo-Igbo, (Aguluzigbo is in present day Anaocha Local Government of Anambra State, Nigeria.) and her mother, Inyang Eyo Aniemewue, connected to the royal lineage of King Eyo Honesty II. Despite her promising beginnings, life took a challenging turn when her father passed away in 1934. This loss forced her to leave school with only a Standard Six School certificate, derailing her aspirations of attending teacher training college.

Determined not to let her education slip away completely, Margaret took up a tutoring position in various elementary schools. In 1938, she married Dr. John Udo Ekpo, a civil servant, and their life together would become a catalyst for her future activism.

Margaret’s journey into activism began in 1945 when her husband became frustrated with the colonial administration's treatment of indigenous Nigerian doctors. As he was unable to attend meetings to address this discrimination, Margaret stepped in for him. This was her first taste of political engagement, and it opened her eyes to the injustices faced by Nigerians under colonial rule.

At a political rally, Margaret was struck by the powerful speeches of leaders like Herbert Macaulay and Nnamdi Azikiwe. She realized that she could no longer remain a passive observer; she had to take action. Inspired, Margaret began to mobilize women in her community, encouraging them to join the Aba Market Women Association. However, many husbands were reluctant to let their wives participate. To overcome this, Margaret cleverly bought all the available salt during a scarcity, ensuring that only women who joined the association could purchase it. This strategic move not only boosted membership but also empowered women economically.

In 1946, Margaret had the opportunity to study in Ireland, where she earned a diploma in Domestic Science. Upon returning to Nigeria, she established a Domestic Science Institute in Aba, training girls in dressmaking and home economics. This initiative was another step toward empowering women, as it provided them with valuable skills to improve their economic situations.

By the late 1940s, Margaret had organized the Aba Market Women Association, which became a vital platform for women's solidarity. The association not only aimed to protect women's economic rights but also sought to expand their political rights. Margaret understood that true change required both economic empowerment and political engagement.

Margaret's activism took on a more urgent tone in 1949 when she joined forces with fellow activist Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti to protest the killings of leaders who were advocating for change at the Enugu coal mine. They organized a day of mourning and drew international attention to the incident. Margaret made a powerful speech at the event, but this act of defiance led to her arrest and threats of deportation. The women of Aba rallied in her support, threatening to set the town ablaze if she was not released. This incident highlighted the fierce loyalty and solidarity among women in their struggle for justice.

In 1950s, after the tragic murder of Mrs. Onyia, a prison officer killed for rejecting unwanted advances, Margaret and the women of Aba stormed the Enugu Prisons Department. They demanded to see where the deceased was buried, leading to the uncovering of the truth surrounding the murder. This bravery not only brought justice but also showcased the impact of organized women in demanding accountability.

Margaret’s political journey continued to flourish. In 1953, she was nominated to the regional House of Chiefs by the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), which she had joined to represent marginalized groups. The following year, she established the Aba Township Women’s Association, transforming it into a political pressure group. Remarkably, by 1955, women in Aba outnumbered male voters in citywide elections, demonstrating the significant role women played in the political landscape.

In 1961, Margaret made history by winning a seat in the Eastern Regional House of Assembly, becoming the first woman from Aba to hold such a position. With this newfound authority, she championed issues affecting women, focusing on economic progress, transportation, and infrastructure to facilitate easier access to markets. Margaret was not just a politician; she was a voice for the voiceless, tirelessly advocating for the rights and needs of women.

Margaret Ekpo’s contributions did not go unnoticed. After the military coup that ended Nigeria's First Republic, she took a less prominent role in politics but remained a symbol of strength and resilience. Her legacy is honored in various ways, including the renaming of Calabar International Airport to Margaret Ekpo International Airport in 2001, a fitting tribute to her impact on Nigerian society.

Margaret passed away on September 21, 2006, but her spirit lives on in the lives of those she inspired. She was a human rights activist, a feminist, and a revolutionary woman in politics, dedicated to fighting for Nigeria's independence and the economic and political equality of women.

Margaret Ekpo's life is a powerful reminder of the strength of women and the importance of fighting for justice. Her journey from a young girl in Creek Town to a leading political figure in Nigeria is inspiring. She faced numerous challenges but never wavered in her commitment to empowering women and advocating for their rights.

Today, as we reflect on Margaret's legacy, we are reminded that the fight for equality is ongoing. Her story encourages us to continue the work she began, to uplift one another, and to strive for a world where every woman has the opportunity to thrive.

Margaret Ekpo's life teaches us that with determination, resilience, and solidarity, we can make a difference. Her legacy is a beacon of hope for future generations, illuminating the path toward equality, justice, and empowerment for all.