How New York City Got Its Juicy Nickname “The Big Apple” — And What It Means To The World

By Emmy Ajulu

The Roman Empire, spanning from 27 BCE to 476 CE, left an indelible mark on human history. Renowned for its architectural marvels like the Colosseum and Pantheon, the empire's engineering prowess reflected in aqueducts and roads, connecting a vast realm.

Roman law, with principles like "innocent until proven guilty," remains foundational in modern legal systems. Military brilliance, exemplified by disciplined legions, secured territorial expansion. Cultural assimilation, civic planning, and economic prosperity defined Roman life. As a political juggernaut, the Roman Republic's evolution into an empire shaped governance concepts. This multifaceted legacy continues to influence language, law, and civilization.

1. Engineering Marvels

Roman engineering was groundbreaking, evident in architectural wonders like the Colosseum. Aqueducts showcased their mastery of water management, ensuring a reliable water supply for cities. The extensive road network, epitomized by the Appian Way, facilitated rapid movement of troops and goods, enhancing connectivity

2. Legal System

The Roman legal system was marked by its commitment to justice and fairness. Concepts like "innocent until proven guilty" emphasized the importance of evidence and due process. The codification of laws, particularly in the Justinian Code, laid the groundwork for legal systems worldwide.

3. Military Prowess

Roman military success was a result of disciplined legions and innovative strategies. The manipular formation allowed flexibility on the battlefield, while engineering feats like siege engines demonstrated their tactical prowess. The Roman military's adaptability contributed to the empire's longevity.

4. Architectural Innovation

Romans introduced revolutionary architectural elements. The Pantheon's dome, constructed without reinforcing materials, remains an engineering marvel. Arches and columns became defining features in structures like the triumphal arches and amphitheaters, setting the stage for classical architecture.

5. Civic Infrastructure

Roman cities were designed for efficiency and functionality. Forums served as hubs for civic life and commerce, while basilicas provided spaces for legal matters. Public baths and theaters showcased a commitment to communal well-being and cultural pursuits.

6. Cultural Assimilation

Roman inclusivity allowed conquered territories to maintain their identities. While promoting Roman customs and language, the empire also incorporated diverse local traditions, fostering a sense of unity among its diverse population.

7. Political Structure

The Roman Republic's political structure featured a balance of power between the Senate, consuls, and assemblies. As the empire expanded, the transition to imperial rule retained certain republican elements, influencing political thought for centuries.

8. Economic Prosperity

 Roman economic success was fueled by an extensive trade network. The denarius, a stable currency, supported economic transactions and contributed to the empire's affluence. Economic prosperity enabled patronage of the arts, literature, and technological advancements.

9. Educational System

Roman education emphasized liberal arts, including literature, philosophy, and rhetoric. Educated citizens were valued for their ability to contribute to public life, ensuring a well-rounded and cultured society.

10. Innovations in Governance

Roman governance introduced concepts such as citizenship and representation in government. The Senate played a crucial role in decision-making, providing a foundation for representative institutions seen in modern democracies.

11. Infrastructure Development

The Roman road network, spanning over 50,000 miles, facilitated efficient communication and trade. These well-constructed roads, supported by bridges and milestones, became instrumental in maintaining control over the vast empire.

12. Legacy of Language

Latin, the language of the Romans, evolved into a lingua franca across the empire. Its influence is evident in legal terminology, scientific nomenclature, and the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. Latin's enduring legacy has shaped language and communication for centuries.